1 Chronicles 15:16

Authorized King James Version

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And David spake to the chief of the Levites to appoint their brethren to be the singers with instruments of musick, psalteries and harps and cymbals, sounding, by lifting up the voice with joy.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר spake H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר spake
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 17
to say (used with great latitude)
דָּוִיד֮ And David H1732
דָּוִיד֮ And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 17
david, the youngest son of jesse
לְשָׂרֵ֣י to the chief H8269
לְשָׂרֵ֣י to the chief
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 3 of 17
a head person (of any rank or class)
הַלְוִיִּם֒ of the Levites H3881
הַלְוִיִּם֒ of the Levites
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 4 of 17
a levite or descendant of levi
לְהַֽעֲמִ֗יד to appoint H5975
לְהַֽעֲמִ֗יד to appoint
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 5 of 17
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 17
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲחֵיהֶם֙ their brethren H251
אֲחֵיהֶם֙ their brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 7 of 17
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
הַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים to be the singers H7891
הַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים to be the singers
Strong's: H7891
Word #: 8 of 17
to sing
בִּכְלֵי with instruments H3627
בִּכְלֵי with instruments
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 9 of 17
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
שִׁ֛יר of musick H7892
שִׁ֛יר of musick
Strong's: H7892
Word #: 10 of 17
a song; abstractly, singing
נְבָלִ֥ים psalteries H5035
נְבָלִ֥ים psalteries
Strong's: H5035
Word #: 11 of 17
a skin-bag for liquids (from collapsing when empty); also a lyre (as having a body of like form)
וְכִנֹּר֖וֹת and harps H3658
וְכִנֹּר֖וֹת and harps
Strong's: H3658
Word #: 12 of 17
a harp
וּמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם and cymbals H4700
וּמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם and cymbals
Strong's: H4700
Word #: 13 of 17
(only dual) double tinklers, i.e., cymbals
מַשְׁמִיעִ֥ים sounding H8085
מַשְׁמִיעִ֥ים sounding
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 14 of 17
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
לְהָרִֽים by lifting up H7311
לְהָרִֽים by lifting up
Strong's: H7311
Word #: 15 of 17
to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
בְּק֖וֹל the voice H6963
בְּק֖וֹל the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 16 of 17
a voice or sound
לְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ with joy H8057
לְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ with joy
Strong's: H8057
Word #: 17 of 17
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)

Analysis & Commentary

Theological Analysis: This passage falls within the section on Proper ark transport - Levitical worship order. The Hebrew term לֵוִי (Levi) - joined/attached is theologically significant here, pointing to Ordained worship according to God's prescription. The Chronicler's narrative, while paralleling Samuel-Kings in places, offers a distinct theological perspective emphasizing temple worship, Levitical service, and covenant faithfulness.

Chronicles presents David not primarily as warrior-king but as worship organizer and temple planner. This verse contributes to that portrait by highlighting the spiritual dimensions of Israel's national life. The text demonstrates that true prosperity comes through proper worship and covenant obedience rather than merely military or political success.

Doctrinally, this passage teaches about Ordained worship according to God's prescription. Cross-references throughout Chronicles connect David's reign to the broader redemptive narrative, showing how God's covenant promises advance through faithful human leadership while ultimately depending on divine grace and power. The messianic implications are profound: Christ as true temple and worship center.

Historical Context

Historical Background: This section describes events from David's reign (c. 1010-970 BCE) but was written centuries later during the Persian period (c. 450-400 BCE). The Chronicler's selectivity in retelling David's story serves his theological purposes—he omits David's sins (Bathsheba, Absalom's rebellion) while emphasizing David's worship reforms and temple preparations.

The historical setting of Proper ark transport - Levitical worship order occurred during Israel's united monarchy, when the nation reached its territorial and political zenith. Archaeological evidence from this period shows significant building projects and administrative development. However, the Chronicler writes for a much smaller, struggling post-exilic community, using David's golden age to inspire hope for restoration.

Ancient Near Eastern parallels show that temple construction and royal sponsorship of worship were common across cultures. However, Israel's understanding of worship centered on covenant relationship with the one true God rather than manipulation of capricious deities. This theological distinctiveness shapes the Chronicler's presentation.

Questions for Reflection